Umthelela Ekuhwebeni Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nge-Tinplate Empini Yokuhweba Ngentela phakathi kwe-USA ne-China

▶ Kusukela ngo-2018 futhi iqina ngo-Ephreli 26, 2025, iMpi Yezohwebo Yentela phakathi kwe-USA ne-China ibe nemiphumela emikhulu ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi embonini ye-tinplate.

▶ Njengeshidi lensimbi elimbozwe ngethini elisetshenziswa kakhulu emathinini, i-Tinplate ibanjwe ekulweni kwentela kanye nezinyathelo zokuziphindiselela.

▶ Lapha sikhuluma ngomthelela ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe nge-tinplate, futhi sizogxila eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngokusekelwe ezintuthukweni zakamuva zezomnotho kanye nedatha yezohwebo.

Ingemuva ngeMpi Yezohwebo

Impi yezohwebo yaqalwa yi-US ibeka intela yempahla yaseShayina, ikhuluma ngemikhuba yokuhweba engafanele kanye nokwebiwa kwempahla yobuhlakani.

Ngo-2025, uhulumeni kaMengameli uDonald Trump wakhuphula amanani entela, wafinyelela ku-145% emananini ezimpahla zaseShayina.

IShayina yaphindisela ngentela yempahla engenayo e-USA, okwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kokuhwebelana phakathi kwayo, futhi lokhu kubangelwa u-3% wokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke e-US - iShayina yandisa impi yezohwebo;

Lokhu kukhula kuphazamise izintambo zokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke, kwathinta izimboni ezifana ne-tinplate.

Amanani e-USA kwi-Tinplate yaseShayina

Njengoba sibhekene nokupakisha, ngakho-ke sigxila epuletini le-tin, uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US ubeke intela yokuqala yokulwa nokulahla izimpahla emikhiqizweni ye-tin evela eShayina, ngesilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-122.5% ekungenisweni kwempahla, okuhlanganisa nomkhiqizi omkhulu uBaoshan Iron and Steel US ukuze kubekwe intela ensimbi ye-tin evela eCanada, eShayina, eJalimane.

Lokhu kuqale ukusebenza kusukela ngo-Agasti 2023, futhi kungenzeka kuqhubeke kuze kube ngu-2025. Sikholelwa ukuthi i-tinplate yaseShayina ayisancintisani kakhulu emakethe yase-US, okwenza abathengi bafune ezinye izindlela futhi baphazamise ukuhamba kwezentengiselwano okuvamile.

Impendulo Yokuziphindiselela YeShayina

Impendulo yeShayina ifaka phakathi ukwenyusa amanani entengo yezimpahla zase-US, izinga elifinyelela ku-125% ngo-Ephreli 2025, okubonisa ukuphela okungenzeka kwezinyathelo zokubuyisela emuva.

I-China ibeke intela engu-125% ezimpahleni zase-US ekwandeni kwakamuva kokuhweba phakathi kwe-US ne-China.

Lokhu kuziphindiselela kuye kwabangela ubunzima obukhulu ekuhwebeni phakathi kwabo, kunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-US eShayina futhi kuzothinta ukuguquguquka kokuhweba kwe-tinplate yomhlaba wonke, futhi iShayina ne-United States kuzodingeka zivumelane nezindleko eziphakeme futhi zifune abalingani abasha abavela kwezinye izindawo namazwe.

Umthelela Ekuhwebeni Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nge-Tinplate

Impi yezohwebo iholele ekulungisweni kabusha kokugeleza kokuhweba nge-tinplate.

Njengoba ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla e-US eShayina kuphazamisekile, ezinye izifunda, okuhlanganisa neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, zibone amathuba okufaka esikhundleni sazo.

Impi yezohwebo iphinde yashukumisela abakhiqizi bomhlaba wonke ukuthi bahlukanise izintambo zokuhlinzeka: Amazwe afana neVietnam neMalaysia azoheha utshalomali ekukhiqizeni, futhi sigxila ekukhiqizeni amapuleti e-tinplate.

Kungani? lapho izindleko ziphezulu, ukuthunyelwa noma ukufuduka kwenhloko-dolobha kuzohlela izisekelo zayo zokukhiqiza endaweni entsha, kanti eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuzoba ukukhetha okuhle, lapho izindleko zabasebenzi ziphansi, ukuthuthwa kwezimoto okulula, kanye nezindleko zokuhweba eziphansi.

INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Amathuba kanye Nezinselele

INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ibhekwa njengesifunda esibalulekile endaweni yokuhweba nge-tinplate.

Amazwe afana neVietnam, iMalaysia, neThailand azuze empini yezohwebo.

Njengoba abakhiqizi beshintsha futhi bethola kabusha izindawo zezitshalo zokugwema intela yase-US ezimpahleni zaseShayina.

Isibonelo, iVietnam ibone ukwanda kwezimboni, njengoba izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zithutha imisebenzi lapho, kuzoba nomthelela ezimbonini ezihlobene ne-tinplate.

Ukukhiqiza eVietnam kubanjwe empini yezohwebo phakathi kwe-US ne-China. IMalaysia iphinde yabona ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-semiconductor, okungase kusekele ngokungaqondile isidingo se-tinplate sokupakisha impi yezohwebo phakathi kwe-China ne-United States.
Noma kunjalo, izinselele zisahambisana nazo.

I-US ibeke intela yezimpahla ezahlukahlukene zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, njengamaphaneli elanga, ngamazinga afinyelela ku-3,521% ekungenisweni okuvela eCambodia, eThailand, eMalaysia, naseVietnam I-US Ibeka Intela Yezimpahla Kufika ku-3,521% ekungenisweni kweSolar eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Uma kukhulunywa ngelanga, lo mkhuba uphakamisa isimo esibanzi sokuvikela esingase sifinyelele ku-tinplate uma ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-US kukhuphuka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ibhekene nengozi yokugcwala izimpahla zaseShayina, njengoba iShayina ifuna ukulungisa ukulahlekelwa kwemakethe yase-US ngokuqinisa ubudlelwano besifunda, okuzokhulisa ukuncintisana kwabakhiqizi be-tinplate bendawo. Intela yezimpahla zikaTrump izosondeza iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia eduze neShayina ngokungakhululeki.

Imiphumela Yezomnotho Nokuchezuka Kwezohwebo

Impi yezohwebo iholele emiphumeleni yokuphambuka kwezohwebo, lapho amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ezuza ngokwanda kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-US nase-China ukuze kugcwaliswe izikhala ezishiywe ukwehla kohwebo oluphakathi kwamazwe amabili.

IVietnam iyona ezuza kakhulu, njengoba kukhuphuke ngo-15% ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe e-US ngo-2024, kungenxa yokushintsha kokukhiqiza Indlela Impi Yezohwebo Yase-US-China Ethinte Ngayo Wonke Umhlaba. IMalaysia neThailand nazo zibone inzuzo, njengoba ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezimoto ze-semiconductor kanye nezimoto kukhuphuka.

Kodwa-ke, i-IMF yaxwayisa ngokuncipha kwe-GDP okungu-0.5% ezimakethe ezisafufusa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezohwebo, okugqamisa ubuthakathaka bempi yezohwebo e-Southeast Asia phakathi kwe-US ne-China; umthelela wayo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Umthelela Oningiliziwe Embonini Ye-Tinplate

Idatha ethile mayelana nokuhweba ngama-tinplate eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ilinganiselwe, izitayela ezijwayelekile ziphakamisa ukwanda kokukhiqiza kanye nokuhweba.

Impi yezohwebo phakathi kweShayina ne-USA ingase ithuthele ukukhiqizwa kwe-tinplate eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okuzonciphisa izindleko kanye nokusondela kwezinye izimakethe.

Isibonelo, izinkampani zamaphaneli elanga aseShayina ezinezimboni esifundeni zingase zandise amasu afanayo ukuze zifake i-tinplate. I-US ibeka intela eyengeziwe eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, njengoba amaphaneli elanga ethola intela yokulahla udoti efinyelela ku-3,521%. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi bendawo bangase babhekane nokuncintisana kokubili okuvela kwamanye amazwe aseShayina kanye nentela yase-US, okuholela endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi.

 

Izimpendulo Zesifunda kanye Nombono Wesikhathi Esizayo

Amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia asabela ngokuqinisa ukubambisana phakathi kwezifunda, njengoba kubonakala emizamweni ye-ASEAN yokuthuthukisa izivumelwano zokuhweba. I-US-China izosabela empini yezohwebo futhi izoba nomthelela eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Ukuvakasha kukaMongameli waseShayina eVietnam, eMalaysia, naseCambodia ngo-Ephreli 2025 kwakuhlose ukuqinisa ubudlelwano besifunda, okungenzeka kwandise ukuhweba nge-tinplate Ukuvakasha kukaXi Kugqamisa Inkinga yeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia eMpini Yezohwebo phakathi kwe-US neChina. Kodwa-ke, ikusasa lesifunda lincike ekubhekaneni nentela yase-US kanye nokugcina ukuzinza komnotho phakathi kokungaqiniseki komhlaba wonke.

Izwe	Amathuba	Izinselele
IVietnam	Ukwanda kokukhiqiza, ukukhula kokuthumela kwamanye amazwe	Izindleko ezingaba khona zase-US, ukuncintisana
IMalaysia	Ukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-semiconductor, ukuhlukahluka	Izindleko zaseMelika, izimpahla zaseShayina ziyakhukhuleka
I-Thailand	Ushintsho ekukhiqizeni, ukuhweba kwesifunda	Ingozi yentela yase-US, ingcindezi yezomnotho
ICambodia	Isikhungo sokukhiqiza esisafufusa	Amanani aphezulu e-US (isb., amandla elanga, 3,521%)